Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The Romantic Self in The Poetry of Piramerd and Mirzada Ashqe

Rozhgar M. Sabr — 2024-04-01

The notion creativity in the Western civilization has a long history. It has influenced various aspects of human life since Greek and Roman times. Western thinkers have significantly contributed to literary growth in art and literature. Western intellectuals have also led literary research and developed theoretical approaches to literature. After their development, the western literary traditions were imported to other countries for various reasons. Thus, the non-Western writers adapted several aspects of Western literary movements including romanticism. Romanticism, a literary and artistic movement that emerged in late 18th-century Europe, opposed the basic tenant of classicism. The movement introduced new literary forms and radical ideas. Influenced by Western romanticism, Kurdish and Persian romantic literature evolved and reached its peak. The term “romantic self” is used to describe how a poet reveals his hidden and spontaneous feelings, desires and anguish using various romantic features. Drawing from American Romanticism, this comparative study explores how both Piramerd and Mirzada Ashqe emphasize the romantic self in their poems. This helps to understand the similarities and differences in the poets’ approaches to the notion of romantic self in their works.

Womanhood between self-consciousness and the desire for equality, the poems of Zainab Khadem Sujadeh as a case study

Mahabad A. Mohammad — 2024-06-08

The research entitled "Women between Self-Awareness and the Will for Equality" represents an ontological attempt to contemplate the issue of women and the principles that shape their thinking. Employing a descriptive and analytical methodology, the study is divided into two parts. In the first part, contextual factors leading to the emergence of the feminist movement and its main ideologies concerning women's issues are presented, along with an analysis of participants' viewpoints and the contradictions inherent in their thought processes. The second part of the research is dedicated to analyzing the poetry of Zainab Khan, providing a discussion of the rational ideas behind her poetic expressions. This study elucidates the concepts and perspectives Zainab Khan holds regarding women and the opposite sex, which fundamentally differ from those prevalent in mainstream feminism.

The research raises pivotal questions, such as where Zainab Khan situates the presence of women vis-à-vis "the other – man," and it posits another hypothesis for this study: do the poems of Zainab Khan adhere to the same consciousness prevalent among women in the modern era, or do they embody a more essential consciousness that distinguishes them from the existing awareness? Furthermore, it explores the societal standing of women and the basis for such a statement, as well as the differentiation between the voice of a female thinker and that of an ordinary woman.

The image of Hell in Dante's (Comedian) and (Love in the Water of life) Mahabad Qaradaghi's.

Parween A. Khudhur — 2024-06-08

This research paper is entitled (The Image of Hell in Dante’s (Comedian) by Mahabad Qardaghi). The concept of hell is presented with each of us as we learn about life. According to ancient civilizations, monotheistic, non-heavenly religions, and the concept of the basic principles of this civilization or religion which indicates the image of Hell is designed in minds. Religions often operated on two principles: reward and punishment. The image of hell and heaven exists on this basis. Doing good and good deeds will be rewarded with Paradise, and whoever commits a sin or continues to do bad deeds will be punished with flame. The idea of heaven and hell is somewhat similar in different civilizations and religions. This paper presented the image of Hell in Dante's famous book of Comedies, along with the image of Hell in Mahabad Qardaghi's poetic novel, where is the Water of Life? This current research indicates the (historical analysis) approach. however, it follows the normative analysis approach, to what extent the two poets reflected the image of hell and the description of hell in their writings. As the two poets lived in two different eras that is two different nationalities, and a different civilization. The research concluded that the two poets linked the image of hell with the suffering of their nation that is deviated from the meaning intended by them, as it is in religion, and the image of hell for them is linked to the suffering of the nation.

The religious status of Sheikh Hassan in historical sources and the memory of the Yazidis

Saeed M Nadir — 2024-06-08

In every community of believers, many sacred have been produced, that understanding contains a historical fact that is not worth talking about, as a result of the collective understanding of the community as a whole The pile has been produced. As a Sufi figure, Sheikh Hassan has a high religious position in the look of the Yazidis and is considered the foundation of the Yazidi faith, although he is the product of their imagination and their social nature requires them to sanctify their leaders and good men But this historical understanding cannot be denied and the collective imagination of the whole group cannot be marginalized Rather, it must be treated and evaluated as part of imaginary history. Because this understanding has become part of historical reality and has a divine position in the religious beliefs of the group. In this view, we have tried to compare his really character with the understanding described by the community of believers. The main purpose of this work is to reveal the imaginary image of believers of all religions, because it expresses the same meaning in the sanctification of prominent figures in any religious belief. Therefore, it can be said that Sheikh Hassan in Yazidi memory represents all the figures for whom this legendary image was created and sanctified, in the sense that they are regarded above human beings.

Reasons For the Poor Level of Academic Achievement Among Some Students in The Tenth Grade in Mathematics from the Student's Point of View

Abubakir Q. Mustafa — 2024-06-16

The aim of this research with the aim of discovering the reasons for the poor level of academic achievement, among some students in the Tenth Grade of the science department in mathematics, from the point of view of students / in public schools in the Directorate of Education in the city center of Erbil for the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023. The research community included all students of the class The Scientific tenth Grade in the city center of Erbil, who are registered in the Directorate of Education of the Erbil Center in public schools, with a total number of (9669) students, (4670) Males and (4999) Females. Researchers used the descriptive method as methodology. It was applied to a sample of (141) individuals of both genders, (68) males and (73) females. The research tool was a measure of the causes of weakness among some students of the tenth scientific Grade in mathematics, which included (30) items prepared by the researchers, by making use of the questionnaire (Kazem, Moshiri, Abd: 2015, Baghdad), (Al-Khatib, Riyadh: 2017), (Harraq, Lahmira: 2019), then the reliability of the questionnaire was taken by using the Pearson coefficient, whose degree was (0.774). After analyzing the data, researchers reached these results as follow: The most important reason returns to the environment of learning, public programs of learning, the weakness of good preparations of teachers, unavailability of encouragement of students and finally lack of educational means in the classroom.

The Impact of Socratic Discussion and Problem-Solving Strategies

Bahat A. Saed — 2024-06-16

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of Socratic dialogue strategies and problem-solving methods on scientific thinking and students' orientation towards academic discussions in the first phase of the Faculty of Education at Koya University for the academic year 2021–2022. The experimental method was used in accordance with the nature of the research. The research population comprised students of Koya University, with a specific sample drawn from the geography department in the Faculty of Education, matched at several levels. The first experimental group was taught using Socratic dialogue, the second experimental group was taught using problem-solving methods, and the control group was taught using traditional methods. The scientific thinking measurement was adapted from Al-Qadri's (2005) research, consisting of 32 items. Additionally, a new form was developed to measure students' orientation, consisting of 30 items. After collecting and analyzing the data using statistical equations, the results indicated that both the Socratic dialogue method and the problem-solving method had statistically significant effects on measures of scientific thinking and academic orientation. The research concluded with several recommendations for stakeholders and suggestions for future similar studies.

The Impact of Implementing The Tax Automation System on Income And Profits

Sami A. Azab — 2024-06-16

The research aims to analyze the impact of the application of the tax automation system on income, profits, and capital gains in increasing the percentage of tax revenues from the gross domestic product of selected emerging countries that went through the experience of introducing automation into the tax system by observing and measuring the change in the proportion of these revenues and their averages before and after the application of automation according to modern methods. In modern terms, this negatively affects the high incidence of tax evasion. To achieve this, the percentage of tax revenues in the general budget of these countries was compared as a dependent variable and the percentage of tax revenues on income and profits and capital gains from total tax revenues as an independent variable. This data was taken from the International Monetary Fund and the central banks of these countries during the period (1997-2021). This data was analyzed in (Panel data Model) through the Hausman test and choosing the appropriate model for the current research through the outputs (Eviews 12). The study recommended reforming the Iraqi tax system and benefiting from the experiences of the countries that went through this experience by restructuring it from the administrative and legal aspects and combating financial and administrative corruption in the various tax institutions that contribute significantly to increasing tax revenues, and conducting more studies on the automation of other tax sectors.

Measuring and analyzing the determinants of poverty in developing countries during the period 1990-2020 using PANEL models

kovan T. Ghazi — 2024-06-16

The study aims to measure and analyze the determinants of poverty in developing countries during the period 1990-2020, using appropriate standard models to analyze panel data. The model includes several macroeconomic variables, namely public spending, economic growth rate, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and population growth rate. The study assumes an inverse relationship, with statistical significance, between the poverty rate and each public spending and economic growth rate. In contrast, a direct relationship is assumed between poverty and inflation, unemployment, and population growth rates. The study adopts a deductive approach based on the descriptive analytical method, drawing on economic theories and previous studies on the theoretical side. On the applied side, a quantitative method is employed, focusing on economic measurement. The findings reveal an inverse and significant relationship between the poverty rate and public spending, while the relationship is insignificant in the case of the economic growth rate. Furthermore, a direct and significant relationship is observed between poverty, inflation, and unemployment rates. Lastly, an inverse and significant relationship is identified between poverty and population growth rates. In conclusion, the study provides a set of recommendations, the most important of which is to increase public spending to support the poor through the provision of social services such as education, health, and potable water. This is recognized as one of the most influential factors in poverty reduction, along with supporting small. projects and creating a favoraeble economic environment to attract labour and reduce unemployment rates, ultimately leading to a decrease in poverty rates.

The Developments of the Desert Resistance Until 1963

Idris H. Rasheed — 2024-06-16

The Sahrawi victories over the Spanish and French occupation forces were great, despite the number and equipment possessed by those forces. However, the insistence of the Sahrawi fighters to liberate their usurped lands had clear results on the ground, as he recovered a number of those lands despite the presence of a strong current working against him to end and dismantle it. And after the independence of Morocco, the demand began to include the Liberation Army in the Moroccan National Army, which was formed after the independence of Morocco in 1956. However, the Liberation Army continued its struggle to regain its lands, as the Sahrawi fighters were active in launching military operations against the Spanish forces in cooperation with the tribes bordering the desert on the sides of Algeria and Mauritania, especially After the discovery of a number of wealth in the ground, such as oil and phosphates, whose prices were high, and the desert’s subsoil contains the largest phosphate mine in the world, and to remove Spain’s control from those wealth, which is a right of the Sahrawi citizen, but the Spanish side has begun working to dismantle the Sahrawi community from By bringing together a number of sheikhs and taking their loyalties and excluding those who resist Spain's policy in the desert, opening a number of councils and granting privileges to a number of those interested in dealing with them to facilitate the identification of fighters who are hiding in places far from the sight of the Spanish and French enemy in order to undermine the Liberation Army and its fighters.

The Rise of Religious Conflicts in the Islamic World and its Effects

Hoshmand A. Azeez — 2024-06-16

In this research, we discuss the emergence and consequences of religious conflicts in Islamic society. These conflicts appeared early on and continued with various changes, especially in the context of political issues with religious implications. The issue of Muslim leadership and the election of the Prophet's successor has been one of the most controversial issues since the Prophet's death. During the first three centuries AH, this issue entered the basic principles of the movements that ignited the fire of these conflicts, as each party insisted on its right to rule and rejected the other and its political proposals. In addition, and at different stages, the authorities, according to their religious views and positions, played a role in supporting these conflicts. Each party's understanding of the principles and concepts of faith created religious disputes, as each considered itself the defender and supporter of true Islam and tried to consolidate its own views, and impose them on others opposing it. Hence, the main questions of this study revolve around how religious conflicts with political backgrounds emerged at the beginning of Islamic history, and how these conflicts were reflected ideologically and intellectually on the Islamic society. We also tried to explore the impact of these conflicts on the intellectual views of those who wanted to study the history of Islam and how they came to rewrite it according to their religious views.

The Impact of Roman Military Thought on the Social Structure of Society

Fursah A. Hussein — 2024-06-16

The current study, entitled (The Impact of Roman Military Thought on the Social Structure of Society During and After Military Duty 107 BC - 305 AD), is a historical study focusing on the impact of Roman Military Thought on the organizational structure of army and soldiers themselves during and after their military service; that is, soldiers were a pivotal component constituting a distinct social group within the army and also forming the social structure in the broader Roman society. Since Roman society was a hierarchy-abiding society, all the military views of the Roman authorities significantly shaped both the army’s structure and the lives of its soldiers. Based on Antoni Gydenz’s structural theory, it is believed that the social structure and individuals’ life should not be seen as two separate fronts or entities; that is, none of them is superior to the other, they constitute a duality, each one is considered a prerequisite and a product of the other. To this end, the army is regarded as an integral component of society, with soldiers as individuals within this structure, with reference to the abovementioned theory, we could answer the question “How did military Thought influence the army’s structure, the social life of soldiers, the interpersonal interactions, and group dynamics?” The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the effects of military Thought on the structure of the army and the soldiers as a social component of the army and to some extent as a new social class in society.

The History of Rise of The Sufri and their Perspectives

Chia J. Omer — 2024-06-16

Khawarij، also called al-Shurat، is the first Islamic group who rebelled against the fourth Rashidun Caliph. After a while، Khawarijs also divided into several groups and the conflict between them grew deeper. Sufri، one of the biggest Khawarij groups، due to their differences; they separated from other Khawarij’s groups. The current research consists of two sections and followed by a conclusion. In the first section، the research discusses the different opinions stated about the raise of Khawarij. In addition، the research discusses the history of Sufris، especially the name of the group and what makes them different from other Khawarij groups. Further، the second sections focuses on the spiritual and fundamentals of Sufris and their shared opinions with other Khawarij groups. The research attempts to answer the following questions; what motivated Sufris to set their bounders with other Khawarij groups? are the Sufris motives financials or thinking differences? Who inspired the thinking fundamentals of the group? And the founder was under which thinking influence? The finding of the current research shows that Sufris were situated between the most extremist، Azariqa، and less extremist group، Ibadi، of Khawarijs. Also، the research found that the founders of this group were under the influence of Al-Kalamiya، especially the Mu'tazila. Moreover، some of their responses to the criticism against them are based on their perspectives.

The Effectiveness of a Proposed Behavioral Program on Developing Social Skills

Hazha T. Muhammad — 2024-06-17

The aim of this study is to construct a suggested behavioral program to development social skills of autistic children, then identifying the effective of the program on autistic children whose age is between (6-8) to demonstrate the significant statistical differences between the pre-test and post-test in their social skills, and identifying the value and huge in fact the program has on social skills. In this study the researchers prepared a list of early childhood autism data and used Judard’s board to measure the cleverness (the board of shapes) and used Gilliam measurement (GARS-3) to identify autistic children, and for measurement of social skills the researchers prepared a measure using literature and previous researches, which comprised of 33 items which were divided into two (The relationship between the partners, Time to relax and have fun, Keeping up). After extracting the specializations of the psychological measurement (validity and reliability), the measurement was ready. Then the researchers prepared a behavioral program to development social skill (which is one of the skills of adaptive behavioral) of autistic children. After that they implemented the program on the sample of the study which was (8) children who were chosen after several regulatory action and consulting many experts. Using Wilcoxon-Test for the two correlated samples. The result was as follows: It was revealed that there is a significant statistical difference between the pre-test and post-test after implementing the program, and the impact of the program was noticeable. At the end based on the archived results suggestions and recommendation were presented.

The Relationship (between) of Education to (and) Coexistence

Abas Sh. Ahmad — 2024-06-17

The main purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between education and coexistence, and the role of live style as mediation. To this end, a descriptive method using a survey design was employed and disproportionate stratified sampling was used. The research sample includes 400 boys and girls from Kurdish, Arab, Assyrian and Turkmen minorities. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used, which was implemented with the use of AMOS software. The results of the study revealed that education has a positive effect on coexistence in school with the effect size of 0.945 standard deviations. It was also shown that Lifestyle plays a partial mediation role between education and coexistence in school. By adding lifestyle to the model, education still has a direct effect on coexistence, and it has an indirect effect on coexistence through lifestyle. In this research, there are not significant difference between male and female. But among the ethnics, there is a significant difference between Kurds and Arabs in the aspect of commitment to norms. It was also shown that among the dimensions of education, only commitment to norms had an effect on education, whereas the other dimensions have an effect as a package on coexistence. This indicates that education should be directed at students as a complete package in order to have its effect. Also, a significant difference was observed in aspect of social trust between Kurds, Arabs and Turks.

Shelter and Its Challenges from the Perspective of Administrative Staff

Izaddin A. Rasool — 2024-06-17

Despite the efforts of the government and women's movements to improve the status of women, address their problems, and reduce the rate of violence they face within their families and society, the number and quality of women's shelters in the Kurdistan region remain insufficient. In several countries around the world, there are numerous shelters managed either by the government, women's NGOs, or through collaborative efforts. Generally, the main objective of these shelters is to protect women from violence, support their reintegration into society, and assist them in rebuilding their future. Additionally, women's organizations aim to establish centers and shelters to support women who are threatened or experiencing violence in the Kurdistan region. After 1991, many shelters were opened in the Kurdistan region, managed by political parties and women's organizations. This article seeks to highlight the challenges faced by shelters, based on the perspectives of shelter workers in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The research utilized a qualitative method, conducting 28 semi-structured interviews with municipal administrative officials, state social workers, solicitors, head nurses, monitors, and shelter employees. The sample was purposive, and the study was conducted between June 4th and August 28th, 2022. The findings indicate that personal factors, social influences, media, legal practices, and women's organizations are the primary contributors to the issues and violence against women.

Semiotics And Hermeneutics in The Art of Painting and Contemporary Architecture

Sirwan R. Ahmed — 2024-06-18

This study focuses on semiotic and hermeneutics between Contemporary painting and architecture as an important aspect of how to read text, which is shown in the form Contemporary painting and architecture, through the changes that have taken place in contemporary thought، and then the direction of Contemporary painting and architecture. He did it in general to a wider range، and for example، the changes in the form of cubism took a new direction، resulting in the destruction of all real forms. This study consists of four parts، the first is the general framework, the research paper focuses on how semiotics and hermontics work within the circle of painting and architecture. Are they important in these two areas؟ The importance of research، and the purpose of research، is to show the semiotic and hermeneutics between Contemporary painting and architecture, and the boundary of research، as well as the definitions of the terms referred to in the text of this research، but the second part of the theoretical framework consists of three sections، the first part Interpretation of the contemporary semiotic image, the second The concept of semiotics in painting and contemporary architecture, the third is the concept of hermeneutics in painting and contemporary architecture, as well as the outline of the theoretical framework، and the third part is the research methodology developed in the society of research، research tools، and the decomposing of research samples. The fourth part is the Findings, conclusions, and the list of sources.