Hassan, Shamall K., and Shwan O. Mustafa. “The Effect of Christian Civilization on Islamic Civilization 41-656 AH 662-1258 AD: ٤١-٦٥٦ک ٦٦٢-١٢٥٨ز”. KOYA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 8, no. 2 (August 25, 2025): 464–472. Accessed September 18, 2025. https://jhss.koyauniversity.org/index.php/jhss/article/view/1263.