Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The Romantic Self in The Poetry of Piramerd and Mirzada Ashqe

Rozhgar M. Sabr — 2024-04-01

The notion creativity in the Western civilization has a long history. It has influenced various aspects of human life since Greek and Roman times. Western thinkers have significantly contributed to literary growth in art and literature. Western intellectuals have also led literary research and developed theoretical approaches to literature. After their development, the western literary traditions were imported to other countries for various reasons. Thus, the non-Western writers adapted several aspects of Western literary movements including romanticism. Romanticism, a literary and artistic movement that emerged in late 18th-century Europe, opposed the basic tenant of classicism. The movement introduced new literary forms and radical ideas. Influenced by Western romanticism, Kurdish and Persian romantic literature evolved and reached its peak. The term “romantic self” is used to describe how a poet reveals his hidden and spontaneous feelings, desires and anguish using various romantic features. Drawing from American Romanticism, this comparative study explores how both Piramerd and Mirzada Ashqe emphasize the romantic self in their poems. This helps to understand the similarities and differences in the poets’ approaches to the notion of romantic self in their works.

Womanhood between self-consciousness and the desire for equality, the poems of Zainab Khadem Sujadeh as a case study

Mahabad A. Mohammad — 2024-06-08

The research entitled "Women between Self-Awareness and the Will for Equality" represents an ontological attempt to contemplate the issue of women and the principles that shape their thinking. Employing a descriptive and analytical methodology, the study is divided into two parts. In the first part, contextual factors leading to the emergence of the feminist movement and its main ideologies concerning women's issues are presented, along with an analysis of participants' viewpoints and the contradictions inherent in their thought processes. The second part of the research is dedicated to analyzing the poetry of Zainab Khan, providing a discussion of the rational ideas behind her poetic expressions. This study elucidates the concepts and perspectives Zainab Khan holds regarding women and the opposite sex, which fundamentally differ from those prevalent in mainstream feminism.

The research raises pivotal questions, such as where Zainab Khan situates the presence of women vis-à-vis "the other – man," and it posits another hypothesis for this study: do the poems of Zainab Khan adhere to the same consciousness prevalent among women in the modern era, or do they embody a more essential consciousness that distinguishes them from the existing awareness? Furthermore, it explores the societal standing of women and the basis for such a statement, as well as the differentiation between the voice of a female thinker and that of an ordinary woman.

The image of Hell in Dante's (Comedian) and (Love in the Water of life) Mahabad Qaradaghi's.

Parween A. Khudhur — 2024-06-08

This research paper is entitled (The Image of Hell in Dante’s (Comedian) by Mahabad Qardaghi). The concept of hell is presented with each of us as we learn about life. According to ancient civilizations, monotheistic, non-heavenly religions, and the concept of the basic principles of this civilization or religion which indicates the image of Hell is designed in minds. Religions often operated on two principles: reward and punishment. The image of hell and heaven exists on this basis. Doing good and good deeds will be rewarded with Paradise, and whoever commits a sin or continues to do bad deeds will be punished with flame. The idea of heaven and hell is somewhat similar in different civilizations and religions. This paper presented the image of Hell in Dante's famous book of Comedies, along with the image of Hell in Mahabad Qardaghi's poetic novel, where is the Water of Life? This current research indicates the (historical analysis) approach. however, it follows the normative analysis approach, to what extent the two poets reflected the image of hell and the description of hell in their writings. As the two poets lived in two different eras that is two different nationalities, and a different civilization. The research concluded that the two poets linked the image of hell with the suffering of their nation that is deviated from the meaning intended by them, as it is in religion, and the image of hell for them is linked to the suffering of the nation.

The religious status of Sheikh Hassan in historical sources and the memory of the Yazidis

Saeed M Nadir — 2024-06-08

In every community of believers, many sacred have been produced, that understanding contains a historical fact that is not worth talking about, as a result of the collective understanding of the community as a whole The pile has been produced. As a Sufi figure, Sheikh Hassan has a high religious position in the look of the Yazidis and is considered the foundation of the Yazidi faith, although he is the product of their imagination and their social nature requires them to sanctify their leaders and good men But this historical understanding cannot be denied and the collective imagination of the whole group cannot be marginalized Rather, it must be treated and evaluated as part of imaginary history. Because this understanding has become part of historical reality and has a divine position in the religious beliefs of the group. In this view, we have tried to compare his really character with the understanding described by the community of believers. The main purpose of this work is to reveal the imaginary image of believers of all religions, because it expresses the same meaning in the sanctification of prominent figures in any religious belief. Therefore, it can be said that Sheikh Hassan in Yazidi memory represents all the figures for whom this legendary image was created and sanctified, in the sense that they are regarded above human beings.