Kurdistan Regional Government’s Natural Resources Policy Formulation and Implementation Process Economic, Political and Legal Influences Kurdistan Regional Government Oil Policy

Article Sidebar

View the PDF File
Published: Jul 16, 2023
Updated: 2023-07-16
Versions:
2023-07-16 (2)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v6n1y2023.pp1-12
Keywords:
Public Policy, Government Policy, KRG Natural Resources Policy, Oil and Gas, Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI)

Main Article Content

Rekurd S. Maghdid
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Koya University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1405-9041

Abstract

The process of public policy formulation is known to have significant role in making issues or solving them regardless of their makers. In particular, the policy making for a subject like managing natural resources has different impacts on the country. Recent studies have investigated either the negative or the positive sides of the KRG managing and marketing natural resources. In this article, all the related aspects of KRG natural resources policy such as policy formulation, level of KRG policy, causes and outcomes of the KRG oil policy is going to be discussed. In this qualitative study, content analysis approach is applied for obtaining secondary data to explain all the aspects of KRG Natural Resources Policy. For this purpose, 42 recent studies and books focusing on KRG Natural Resources policy are perused and discussed. Finally, this article concludes that KRG Oil and Gas Policy is a completely important subject to be studied for having influence on all the aspects of the Kurdistan Region and the Middle East energy and economy politics. Accordingly, the study calls for future research on how KRG can manage this sector with the existence of the Iraqi Federal High Court’s refusal decision.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Maghdid, R. S. (2023) “Kurdistan Regional Government’s Natural Resources Policy Formulation and Implementation Process: Economic, Political and Legal Influences Kurdistan Regional Government Oil Policy”, Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(1), pp. 1-12. doi: 10.14500/kujhss.v6n1y2023.pp1-12.
Issue
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Issue Tenth
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

Ebrahimi, M. & Ghasabani, N. C. (2015). Forecasting OPEC crude oil production using a variant Multicyclic Hubbert Model. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 133, 818-823.

Morelli, Massimo, & Costantino Pischedda. (2014). The Turkey‐KRG Energy Partnership: Assessing Its Implications. Middle East Policy 21(1), 107-121.

Oil and Gas Law of Kurdistan Region-Iraq, 28 (Parliament of Kurdistan Region of Iraq August 6, 2007).

Abbassi, E., Salehi, S. J., & Salehi, M. (2022). The Oil Policy and Independence of the Kurdistan Regional Government. Iran and the Caucasus, 26(2), 183-197.

Alkış, M. (2022). De facto statehood and natural resources: How oil resources affect the foreign relations of the Kurdish Regional Government of Iraq. The Extractive Industries and Society, 12, 101-146.

Aziz, S., & Cottey, A. (2021). The Iraqi Kurdish Peshmerga: military reform and nation-building in a divided polity. Defence Studies, 21(2), 226-241.

Bälz, K. (2021). The Iraqi Federal Supreme Court on Ownership and Control of Oil in the Kurdistan Region: Decision in Cases No. 69/2012 and 110/2019 of 15 February 2022. Arab Law Quarterly, 1(aop), 1-19.

Bristow, J. (2019). Mindfulness in politics and public policy. Current Opinion in Psychology, 28, 87-91.

Capano, G., & Howlett, M. (2021). Causal logics and mechanisms in policy design: How and why adopting a mechanistic perspective can improve policy design. Public Policy and Administration, 36(2), 141-162.

Darmayanti, I. Y. (2019). Law Politics Of Legislative Election. Jurnal Daulat Hukum, 2(2), 173-180.

Dawson, W. D., Bangerter, L. R., & Splaine, M. (2020). The politics of caregiving: Taking stock of state-level policies to support family caregivers. Public Policy & Aging Report, 30(2), 62-66.

Engin, K. O. (2022). FLACTUATING RELATIONS BETWEEN IRAN AND THE IRAQI KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT SINCE 1958. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (27), 304-319.

Ferretti, F., & van Lente, H. (2022). The promise of the Maker Movement: policy expectations versus community criticisms. Science and Public Policy, 49(1), 18-27.

Grindle, M. (2021). Bureaucrats, politicians, and peasants in Mexico: A case study in public policy. University of California Press.

Hama, H. H. (2021). Kurdish–Iraqi state conflict (de‐) escalation following the independence referendum. Digest of Middle East Studies, 30(3), 221-236.

Hasan, Q. M. (2019). The power of constitution for enacting energy law and managing natural resources: The case of the Kurdistan Regional Government's oil contracts. Energy Policy 128, 744-751.

Hasan, Q. M., & Ismael, H. M. (2022). International Trade Rules and Natural Gas Export: Trends and Challenges in National Markets. The Palgrave Handbook of Natural Gas and Global Energy Transitions, 483-499.

Hassan, A. T., Salih, N. M., & Shareef, A. J. (2022). The sharing Powers in the Constitution of Federal States: The Applicability of Decentralization. Eximia Journal, 5(1), 540-551.

Hupe, P., & Hill, M. (2021). Implementing public policy: An introduction to the study of operational governance. Implementing Public Policy, 1-11.

Jordan, K. N., Sterling, J., Pennebaker, J. W., & Boyd, R. L. (2021). Examining long-term trends in politics and culture through language of political leaders and cultural institutions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(9), 3476-3481.

Kadirgolam, B. (. (2020). An investigation into the oil and gas contractual and legal relationship between the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and the Iraq Federal Government (IFG). (Doctoral dissertation).

Kaynak, A. B., & Arıboğan, D. Ü. (2023). Making of a New Petro-State in the Middle East? Fossil Fueled Kurdistan Regional Government. In Proceedings of Topical Issues in International Political Geography (pp. 56-66). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Khalil, M. H. (2019). The relationship between oil revenues and the Iraqi federal budget for the duration (2004-2016). Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, 4 (44), 275-289.

Kraft, M. E., & Furlong, S. R. (2019). Public policy: Politics, analysis, and alternatives. Cq Press.

KRG., Ministry of Planning. (2021). Regional development strategy for Kurdistan region 2012-2021. Erbil, Kurdistan: Kurdistan Regional Government, Ministry of Planning.

Lindgren, B. M., Lundman, B., & Graneheim, U. H. (2020). Abstraction and interpretation during the qualitative content analysis process. International journal of nursing studies, 108, 103-32.

Maghdid, R. S. (2021). THE MODERATING IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT POLICY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ PUBLIC SECTOR. Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia: Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM).

Maghdid, R. S., & Din, B. H. (2019). Causes and Impacts of Crisis in Kurdistan Regional Government Managing Natural Resources. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 23(02).

Mazzucato, M. (2018). Mission-oriented innovation policies: challenges and opportunities. Industrial and Corporate Change, 27(5), 803-815.

Mozaffarian, D., Angell, S. Y., Lang, T., & Rivera, J. A. (2018). Role of government policy in nutrition—barriers to and opportunities for healthier eating. The BMJ, 361-379.

Muhamad, G. M. (2022). Private Sector Development Analysis in Post-Conflict Kurdistan Region of Iraq. UKH Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2), 19-32.

Müller, M., & König, P. D. (2021). Timing in opposition party support under minority government. Scandinavian Political Studies, 44(2), 220-243.

Mustafa, S. D. (2022). Oil Resources in Relations Between Erbil and Baghdad. Middle East Policy, 29(3), 71-78.

Nuri, Z. M. & Karakir, I. A. (2022). The impact of ‘Rentier State’on economic development: The case of Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) of Iraq. Türkiye Politik Çalışmalar Dergisi, 2(1), 1-17.

OPEC. (2018). Annual Statistical Bulletin. Retrieved June 18, 2019, from OPEC Share of World Crude Oil Reserves:. Retrieved June 18, 2019, from OPEC Share of World Crude Oil Reserves: https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/164.htm.

Othman, A. M. (2020). The Possibility of Nationalization by the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq under the Light of Signed Petroleum Contracts and Establishment of Kurdistan National Oil Company (KNOC): Analytical study. Journal of University of Human Development, 6(1), 35-43.

Pelizzo, R. (2020). Good Governance and Party System Change. Politics & Policy, 48(2), 265-287.

Pillar, P. R. (2018). Intelligence, policy, and the war in Iraq. In Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq (pp. 233-244). Manchester : Manchester University Press.

Rasheed, A. (2019). The Kurdish Cause in Iraq: From the Second Republic to the Fall of Kirkuk (2003–2018). In Iraq After ISIS (pp. 57-78). Cham: Palgrave Pivot.

Ministry of Natural Resources (2013, August 25). About the Ministry of Natural Resources. Retrieved May 27, 2019, from Ministry of Natural Resources Website: http://mnr.krg.org/index.php/en/the-ministry/about-the-ministry2

Sumer, F., & Joseph, J. (2018). The paradox of the Iraqi Kurdish referendum on independence: contradictions and hopes for economic prosperity. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 45(4), 574-588.

Swift, A., Marshall, G., Burgoyne, C., & Routh, D. (2018). Distributive Justice: Does It Matter What the People Think? In Social justice and political change (pp. 15-48). Routledge.

Zebari, D. F. (2020). Oil Production Sharing Contracts (PSCS) With a Focus on Iraqi Kurdistan Region Oil Contracts. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 1241-1258.