Pet Animal Idiomatic Expressions in English and Kurdish: A Pragmatic Analysis

محتوى المقالة الرئيسي

Elaf M. Ibrahim
Himdad A. Muhammad

الملخص

     Animal idioms are widespread in daily life; they have become inextricably linked to human existence and language. Additionally, they have acquired additional attributive and connotative meanings – which differ from one culture to another - in addition to their literal and lexical meanings. Animal idioms are not well-investigated, especially from a pragmatic point of view. These set expressions vary from one language to another as well. Hence, this paper examines pet animal idiomatic expressions from a pragmatic perspective. The paper adopts a qualitative method for the analysis of the samples. It focuses on the similarities and differences in both English and Kurdish languages in terms of three pragmatic concepts; cooperative principles, implicature, and politeness. Only three pet animals, namely bird, fish, and mouse have been selected to be studied and analyzed thoroughly. The samples of the study are collected from reliable English and Kurdish dictionaries and other resources. The findings show that some pet animal names have different frequencies in using, i.e., some are used more in English rather than in Kurdish, and vice versa. There are many contrasts rather than similarities in the meaning and utilizing of animal idioms in both languages. It was also found out that the pet animals violate all the maxims to get the idiomatic meaning; the most common type of implicature is the conversational one and most of the expressions are used negatively in terms of politeness.

التنزيلات

بيانات التنزيل غير متوفرة بعد.

تفاصيل المقالة

كيفية الاقتباس
Ibrahim, E. M. و Muhammad, H. A. . (2022) " Pet Animal Idiomatic Expressions in English and Kurdish: A Pragmatic Analysis", مجلة جامعة كويه للعلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية, 5(1), ص 101-113. doi: 10.14500/kujhss.v5n1y2022.pp101-113.
القسم
Articles

المراجع

Abdulla, R., Bayz, H. and Raqeeb, H., 2020. 'Edyiyom le Rawandwze w Dewrubery' (Idioms in Rawandwz and its Suburban). Handren Center, Soran. [in Kurdish].

Ali, J. M., 1980. 'Edyiyom le Zmani Kurdida' (Idioms in Kurdish Language). Kurdish Culture and Publishing, Baghdad. [in Kurdish].

Al-Sulaimaan, M. M. D., 2011. Semantics and Pragmatics. 2nd ed. Mosul: Daar Ibn Al-Atheer.

Altarbaq, H. A., 2020. A Critical Analysis of Some Common Animal Idioms in Two English-Arabic Idiom Dictionaries. American University of Beirut.

Baker, A. E. and Hengeveld, K., 2012. Linguistics. MA: Blackwell, Malden.

Birner, B. J., 2013. Introduction to Pragmatics. MA: Blackwell, Malden.

Bolinger, D., 1975. Aspects of Language. New York: Harcourt BraceJovanovich.

Brown, G. and Yule, G., 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Carter, R., ‬1998. Vocabulary. London ‬and New ‬York: ‬Routledg.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬ Cathie Ltd.

Collis, H., 1987. 101 American English Idioms, Understanding and Speaking English like Americans. Chicago: Passport Books.

Cruse, A., 2006. A Glossary of Semantics and Pragmatics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Davies, B., 2000. Grice’s Cooperative Principle: Getting the Meaning Across. Leads Working Paper in Linguistics, 8, 126.

Fernando, Ch., 1996. Idioms and Idiomaticity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Flavell, L. & Flavell, R., 2001. Dictionary of Idioms and Their Origins. London: Kyle

Grice, H. P., 1989. Studies in the Way of Words. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Grice, P., 1975. Logic and conversation. In Cole, P. and Morgan, J. L., (Eds.), Syntax and semantics (pp. 41-58). New York, NY: Academic Press. Retrieved from https://edge.edx.org/assetv1:Brown+CSCI2951K+2015_T2+type@asset+blo ck/grice75.pdf.

Hamad, P. I., Othman, D. Y. and Muhammad, H. A. (2021) “Investigating Pronunciation Material Tasks and Method of Teaching in Sunrise Series 7-9”, Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(1), pp. 122-128. doi: 10.14500/kujhss.v4n1y2021.pp122-128.

Muhammad, H. A. and Othman, D. Y. (2018) “Assessing the Impact of Pronunciation Learning Strategy on Kurdish EFL Learners’ Pronunciation Accuracy”, Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(1), pp. 46-56. doi: 10.14500/kujhss.v1n1y2018.pp46-56

Kareem, N. O., 2008. Body-Related Idioms in Standard English and Kurdish. Koya University.

Kareem, N. O. (2019) “Colour-Related Idiomatic Expressions in English and Kurdish”, Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), pp. 131-149. doi: 10.14500/kujhss.v2n1y2019.pp131-149.

Leech, G., 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.

Leech, G., 2014. The Pragmatics of Politeness. USA: Oxford University Press.

Levinson, C. L., 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University.

McCarthy, M. and O’Dell, F., 2001. English Vocabulary in Use. UK: Cambridge University Press.

Mey, J. L., 1993. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Black well.

Peccei, J. S., 1999. Pragmatics. USA: Routledge.

Riemer, N., 2010. Introducing Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Roznakova, J., 2016. Comparison of English, German, and Czech Animal Idioms. Masaryk University Press, Masaryk.

Scovel, T., 1998. Psycholinguistics. China: Oxford University Press.

Sherif, A. K., 2005. ‘Ferhengi Edyiyom le Zmani Kurdida’ (The Dictionary of idiom in Kurdish Language). Roon Press, Sulemany. [in Kurdish].

Siefring, J., 2004. The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.

Spears, R. A., 2000. NTC’S American Idioms Dictionary. 3rd ed. USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies.

Watts, R. J., 2003. Politeness. USA: Cambridge University Press.

Wray, P., 2001. Longman Pocket Idioms Dictionary. China: Pearson Education Limited.

Yang, C., 2008. Language Use in Context: A Course in Pragmatics. Beijing: University of International Business and Economics Press.

Yule, G., 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.