Effects of Mobile Assisted Language Learning on Developing Kurdish EFL Students Listening Sub Skills at Koya University
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Aug 12, 2018
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https://doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v1n1y2018.pp85-95
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پوختە
Many studies have described the use of mobile assisted language learning in language teaching and learning; yet, the number of studies in listening skill remains unsatisfactory, at least in Iraqi Kurdistan context. Few researchers appear to have considered how to use mobile learning devices to support pedagogical approach to develop academic listening skills. Several studies in the past, required learners to read from mobile phones rather than listening to audios. There were attempts to use computer technology integration into instruction; however, few were in mobile technology. The interest in research related to the impact of mobile assisted language learning on developing students’ listening skills remains relatively low and consequently listening has been neglected. Thus, the current paper aims at exploring the effectiveness of mobile assisted language learning devices both as instructional tools and learning resources within and beyond classroom learning environments to develop language skills in particular listening sub-skills. The experimental design is pretest-experiment-post-test. To conduct the study two groups of experimental (n=31) and control (n=26) out of 57 second year students at koya university/ faculty of education/ school of education English department were made. Both groups were taught the same material, but using different methods. The results of the post-test indicated that the use of mobile assisted language learning devices had impacts on developing experimental group’s listening skills and outperformed the control group.
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چۆنییەتی بەکارهێنانی سەرچاوە
Azeez, P. Z. and Al Bajalani, F. R. (2018) “Effects of Mobile Assisted Language Learning on Developing Kurdish EFL Students: Listening Sub Skills at Koya University”, گۆڤاری زانکۆی کۆیە بۆ زانستە مرۆڤایەتی و کۆمەڵایەتییەکان, 1(1), pp. 85-95. doi: 10.14500/kujhss.v1n1y2018.pp85-95.
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Alemi, M., arab, M. R. A., & Lari, Z., 2012. Successful Learning of Academic Word List via MALL: Mobile Assisted Language Learning. International Education Studies, 5 (6), 99-109.
Al-Musalli, A., 2001. Listening Comprehension as a Complex Skill and the Sub-skills Involved in the Process of Speech Perception. Journal of the document center and Humanity Studies, 13. pp. 35-84.
AL-Qudaimi, K., 2013. Mobile-Assisted Language Learning: A Literature Review. 1-15 Retrieved January 29, 2016 from
Anderson, A., & Lynch, T., 2003. Listening (11th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Attewell, J., 2005. Mobile technology and learning: A technology update and m-learning project summary. Technology Enhanced Learning Research Centre. pp. 1-19. Retrieved October 28, 2016, from http://ubimotion.iwi.unihannover.de/lv/seminar_ws05_06/files/10_Riemer/literatur/Attewell2004.pdf
Azar, A. S. and Nasiri, H., 2014. Learners' Attitudes toward the Effectiveness of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in L2 Listening Comprehension. Procedia –Social and Behavioral Sciences 98, 1836 – 1843.
Baleghizadeh, S &Oladrostam, E., 2010.The Effect of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) on Grammatical Accuracy of EFL Students1. MEXTESOL Journal, 34(2), pp. 77-86.
Begum, R., 2011. Prospect for Cell Phone as Instructional Tools in the EFL Classroom: A Case Study of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh.
Bowman, B., Grace, B. and Barbara, R., 1989. TEFL/TESL: Teaching English as a Foreign or Second Language. Peace Corps, Center for Applied Linguistics Washington, DC.
Caudill, J. G., 2007. The growth of m-learning and the growth of mobile computing: Parallel developments. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 8(2), 1-160.
Cavus, N. & Ibrahim, D., 2009. M-learning: An experiment in using SMS to support learning new English language words. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(1), 78-91.
Cherian, E. J., Williams, P., 2008. Mobile learning: The beginning of the end of classroom learning. Paper presented at The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science WCECS 2008, October 22-24, San Francisco. Cambridge University Press.
Chinnery, G. M., 2006. Emerging technologies, going to the MALL: Mobile assisted language learning. Language Learning & Technology 10(1), pp. 9-16.
Cole, D., Ellis, Christine, Mason, B., Meed, J., Record, D., Rossetti, A. and Willcoaks, G., 2007. Teaching speaking and listening: A toolkit for practitioners. Bristol, Portishead Press.
Darmi, R. & Albion, P., 2014. A review of Integrating Mobile phone for Language Learning. 10th International Conference Mobile Learning. 93-100.
Good, C. V., 1973. Dictionary of Education, 3rd addition. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company.
Goundar, S., 2011. What is the Potential Impact of Using Mobile Devices in Education? Using Mobile Devices in Education, Proceedings of SIG GlobDev Fourth Annual Workshop, Shanghai, China - December 3, 2011, pp.1-30.
Harmer, J., 2007. How to teach English. Pearson
Helgesen, M., 2003. ‘Listening’, in Nunan, D. (ed.), Practical English Language Teaching. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kennedy, C., & Levy, M., 2008. L’italiano al telefonino: Using SMS to support beginners’ language learning. ReCALL Journal, 20(3), 315–330.
Khubyari, L. & Narafshan, M. H., 2016. A study on the impact of MALL (Mobile Assisted Language Learning) on EFL learners’ reading comprehension.
Koichi, N., 2002. How to teach listening. U.S. Available at: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED475743 (Accessed: 12 February 2018).
Kukulska-Hulme, A. & Traxler, J., 2005. ‘Mobile teaching and learning’, in Kukulska-Hulme, A. and Traxler, J (eds.) Mobile learning A handbook for educators and trainers. Oxon: Routledge.
Kukulska-Hulme, A. & Shield, L., 2008. An overview of mobile assisted language learning: From content delivery to supported collaboration and interaction. ReCALL.20 (3).
Kukulska-Hulme, A. & Shield, L. (2007). An overview of mobile assisted language learning: Can mobile devices support collaborative practice in speaking and listening? Retrieved September 4, 2016 from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.84.1398&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Kurtz, Lindsey M., 2012. "Learning from twenty-first century second language learners: A case study in smartphone use of language learners" Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper 12669. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/12669
Lu, M., 2008. Effectiveness of vocabulary learning via mobile phone. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 24, 515-525.
Macgillivray, M. Yancey, P., Malarcher, C. and Zeter, J. 2009. Mastering Skills for the TOEFL iBT Advanced (2nd ed) Compass Publishing
Mann, M. and Taylore-Knowles, S., 2014. Improve Your Skills: Listening & Speaking for Advanced with key answers. Macmillan, London.
Mirzaei, S., 2016. Evaluating Efficacy and Usability of Mobile Devices for Learning New Vocabulary Items. Unpublished Diploma at Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia.
Mehta K. N. 2012. Mobile Phone Technology in English Teaching: Causes & Concerns by Naveen K. Mehta Mobile Phone Technology in English Teaching: Causes & Concerns. MJAL, 4(2), pp. 82-92.
Mtega, W., Bernard, R., Msungu, A., & Sanare, R., 2012. Using Mobile Phones for Teaching and Learning Purposes in Higher Learning Institutions: the Case of Sokoine Universityof Agriculture in Tanzania. Proceedings and report of the 5th Ubuntu Net Alliance annual conference, 2012 pp. 118-129.
Nah, K. C., White, P. & Sussex, R 2008, The potential of using a mobile phone to access the internet for learning EFL listening skills within a Korean context. ReCALL, 20(3), pp. 331-347.
Rixon, S., 1986. Developing listening skills. London: Macmillan.
Robinson, J. (2010). Understanding vocabulary in context. Douglas College. Learning Centre.
Saran, M., Seferoglu, G. & Cagiltay, K 2009, Mobile Assisted Language Learning: English Pronunciation at Learners’ Fingertips. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 34(1), pp. 97-114.
Scanlon, J., 2011. Q: Skills for Success Listening and Speaking. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Schmitt, N. (ed.). 2002. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, Hodder Arnold, A member of the Hodder Headline Group, London.
Sevari, K., 2012. The role of Mobile Phones in English and instruction of classroom materials. Advanced in Education, 1(1), 19-22.
Stockwell, G., 2007. Vocabulary on the move: Investigating an intelligent mobile phone-based vocabulary tutor. Computer Assisted Language Learning 20(4), 365-383.
Tafazoli, D. and Adeli Jam, Z., 2015. Text Me English Idioms: Mobile-Assisted Language Learning. International Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics.1, 38-44. http://www.ijlal.ir/
Thornton, P. and Houser, C., 2005. Using mobile phones in English education in Japan. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 21, 217-228.
Traxler, J., 2005. Defining Mobile Learning. IADIS International Conference Mobile Learning. Pp. 261-266.
Viberg and Gronlund, 2012. Mobile Assisted Language Learning: A Literature Review.
Wilson, J. (2008). How to Teach Listening. Harlow, Essex England: Pearson Longman, p.82.
Zhang, Y., 2016. The Impact of Mobile Learning on ESL Listening Comprehension. 3rd Conference on Advanced Education and Management (ICAEM 2016). PP.1-5.
Al-Musalli, A., 2001. Listening Comprehension as a Complex Skill and the Sub-skills Involved in the Process of Speech Perception. Journal of the document center and Humanity Studies, 13. pp. 35-84.
AL-Qudaimi, K., 2013. Mobile-Assisted Language Learning: A Literature Review. 1-15 Retrieved January 29, 2016 from
Anderson, A., & Lynch, T., 2003. Listening (11th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Attewell, J., 2005. Mobile technology and learning: A technology update and m-learning project summary. Technology Enhanced Learning Research Centre. pp. 1-19. Retrieved October 28, 2016, from http://ubimotion.iwi.unihannover.de/lv/seminar_ws05_06/files/10_Riemer/literatur/Attewell2004.pdf
Azar, A. S. and Nasiri, H., 2014. Learners' Attitudes toward the Effectiveness of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in L2 Listening Comprehension. Procedia –Social and Behavioral Sciences 98, 1836 – 1843.
Baleghizadeh, S &Oladrostam, E., 2010.The Effect of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) on Grammatical Accuracy of EFL Students1. MEXTESOL Journal, 34(2), pp. 77-86.
Begum, R., 2011. Prospect for Cell Phone as Instructional Tools in the EFL Classroom: A Case Study of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh.
Bowman, B., Grace, B. and Barbara, R., 1989. TEFL/TESL: Teaching English as a Foreign or Second Language. Peace Corps, Center for Applied Linguistics Washington, DC.
Caudill, J. G., 2007. The growth of m-learning and the growth of mobile computing: Parallel developments. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 8(2), 1-160.
Cavus, N. & Ibrahim, D., 2009. M-learning: An experiment in using SMS to support learning new English language words. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(1), 78-91.
Cherian, E. J., Williams, P., 2008. Mobile learning: The beginning of the end of classroom learning. Paper presented at The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science WCECS 2008, October 22-24, San Francisco. Cambridge University Press.
Chinnery, G. M., 2006. Emerging technologies, going to the MALL: Mobile assisted language learning. Language Learning & Technology 10(1), pp. 9-16.
Cole, D., Ellis, Christine, Mason, B., Meed, J., Record, D., Rossetti, A. and Willcoaks, G., 2007. Teaching speaking and listening: A toolkit for practitioners. Bristol, Portishead Press.
Darmi, R. & Albion, P., 2014. A review of Integrating Mobile phone for Language Learning. 10th International Conference Mobile Learning. 93-100.
Good, C. V., 1973. Dictionary of Education, 3rd addition. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company.
Goundar, S., 2011. What is the Potential Impact of Using Mobile Devices in Education? Using Mobile Devices in Education, Proceedings of SIG GlobDev Fourth Annual Workshop, Shanghai, China - December 3, 2011, pp.1-30.
Harmer, J., 2007. How to teach English. Pearson
Helgesen, M., 2003. ‘Listening’, in Nunan, D. (ed.), Practical English Language Teaching. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kennedy, C., & Levy, M., 2008. L’italiano al telefonino: Using SMS to support beginners’ language learning. ReCALL Journal, 20(3), 315–330.
Khubyari, L. & Narafshan, M. H., 2016. A study on the impact of MALL (Mobile Assisted Language Learning) on EFL learners’ reading comprehension.
Koichi, N., 2002. How to teach listening. U.S. Available at: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED475743 (Accessed: 12 February 2018).
Kukulska-Hulme, A. & Traxler, J., 2005. ‘Mobile teaching and learning’, in Kukulska-Hulme, A. and Traxler, J (eds.) Mobile learning A handbook for educators and trainers. Oxon: Routledge.
Kukulska-Hulme, A. & Shield, L., 2008. An overview of mobile assisted language learning: From content delivery to supported collaboration and interaction. ReCALL.20 (3).
Kukulska-Hulme, A. & Shield, L. (2007). An overview of mobile assisted language learning: Can mobile devices support collaborative practice in speaking and listening? Retrieved September 4, 2016 from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.84.1398&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Kurtz, Lindsey M., 2012. "Learning from twenty-first century second language learners: A case study in smartphone use of language learners" Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper 12669. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/12669
Lu, M., 2008. Effectiveness of vocabulary learning via mobile phone. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 24, 515-525.
Macgillivray, M. Yancey, P., Malarcher, C. and Zeter, J. 2009. Mastering Skills for the TOEFL iBT Advanced (2nd ed) Compass Publishing
Mann, M. and Taylore-Knowles, S., 2014. Improve Your Skills: Listening & Speaking for Advanced with key answers. Macmillan, London.
Mirzaei, S., 2016. Evaluating Efficacy and Usability of Mobile Devices for Learning New Vocabulary Items. Unpublished Diploma at Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia.
Mehta K. N. 2012. Mobile Phone Technology in English Teaching: Causes & Concerns by Naveen K. Mehta Mobile Phone Technology in English Teaching: Causes & Concerns. MJAL, 4(2), pp. 82-92.
Mtega, W., Bernard, R., Msungu, A., & Sanare, R., 2012. Using Mobile Phones for Teaching and Learning Purposes in Higher Learning Institutions: the Case of Sokoine Universityof Agriculture in Tanzania. Proceedings and report of the 5th Ubuntu Net Alliance annual conference, 2012 pp. 118-129.
Nah, K. C., White, P. & Sussex, R 2008, The potential of using a mobile phone to access the internet for learning EFL listening skills within a Korean context. ReCALL, 20(3), pp. 331-347.
Rixon, S., 1986. Developing listening skills. London: Macmillan.
Robinson, J. (2010). Understanding vocabulary in context. Douglas College. Learning Centre.
Saran, M., Seferoglu, G. & Cagiltay, K 2009, Mobile Assisted Language Learning: English Pronunciation at Learners’ Fingertips. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 34(1), pp. 97-114.
Scanlon, J., 2011. Q: Skills for Success Listening and Speaking. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Schmitt, N. (ed.). 2002. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, Hodder Arnold, A member of the Hodder Headline Group, London.
Sevari, K., 2012. The role of Mobile Phones in English and instruction of classroom materials. Advanced in Education, 1(1), 19-22.
Stockwell, G., 2007. Vocabulary on the move: Investigating an intelligent mobile phone-based vocabulary tutor. Computer Assisted Language Learning 20(4), 365-383.
Tafazoli, D. and Adeli Jam, Z., 2015. Text Me English Idioms: Mobile-Assisted Language Learning. International Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics.1, 38-44. http://www.ijlal.ir/
Thornton, P. and Houser, C., 2005. Using mobile phones in English education in Japan. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 21, 217-228.
Traxler, J., 2005. Defining Mobile Learning. IADIS International Conference Mobile Learning. Pp. 261-266.
Viberg and Gronlund, 2012. Mobile Assisted Language Learning: A Literature Review.
Wilson, J. (2008). How to Teach Listening. Harlow, Essex England: Pearson Longman, p.82.
Zhang, Y., 2016. The Impact of Mobile Learning on ESL Listening Comprehension. 3rd Conference on Advanced Education and Management (ICAEM 2016). PP.1-5.