The Application of Remote Sensing Science in Drought Detection in Marshes of Southern Iraq

Abstract

In recent years, many parts of Iraq have been experiencing climate change, and now remote sensing data (Satellite Images) through the use of programs (ERDAS IMAGINE) and (Arc GIS) are widely used to detect change climatic conditions. Based on Landsat satellite images (4-8) for the March of each year (2000-2013-2023), the drought conditions in the Marches study area of ​​southern Iraq through LSWI Index. However, the study shows changes in the area of ​​the marshes area over 23 years through the NDWI index. The study used 21 satellite images (Landsat 4-8). The study shows that the area of ​​the marshes is estimated at between 10,000 and 30,000 km2 the area of ​​the marshes in southern Iraq according to the comparative years was as follows: in 2000 (8.21%), in 2013 (15.58%), in 2023 the rate reached (19.98%). The results show that both LSWI and NDWI indices were very appropriate in detecting drought phenomenon and showing the area of ​​marshes in the study area. In this study, the researchers propose the establishment of a permanent government expert committee to address the phenomenon of drought and the existence of cooperation between representatives of the committees and universities and institutes, as well as scientific stations, through the use of advanced organizational equipment Forecasts for weather types such as rainfall, temperature, wind and moisture