A Geographical Analysis is to Identify the Destruction of Vegetation Cover in Koya River Basin How to Prevent it by Using (GIS & RS)

Abstract

This research is a geographical analysis to determine the extent of vegetation destruction in the Koya River basin. Through the use of new tools, To identify those areas that are facing destruction and how to prevent it. According to the research, it has been proven that Changes in the vegetation environment are strongly related to climate change. In this research, we have selected Koya River basin, which is located in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, in the southwest of Erbil province, specifically it located in the middle of Koya district, which belongs to Erbil province, The research area that are chosen is (584.2) km2 This research relies on the use of aerial and satellite images (Landsat (band 1,7) for two different times. The first one was received on ( 1/6/2003), and the second is on (1/6/2023). To follow up on the changes and destruction of vegetation cover in the Koya River basin, for this reason, we began the process of dividing and classifying the research area by non-wavelength methods, which is considered one of the new functions. On this basis, the research area was classified into three vegetation covers: (forest, lawns, and empty area -residential area). In this research, we found that the empty area - residential area has increased at the expense of forest and vegetation area. The climatic factor is considered the most influential factor, which is responsible for these changes that have occurred in the natural vegetation of the area. This change is due to global climate change. The research plan consists of three topics. The first topic is dedicated to introducing the natural characteristics of the Koya River Basin. The second topic discusses the factors that affect the destruction of vegetation in the research area. The third topic is devoted to identifying these changes in the vegetation cover of the research area and how to deal with them.