Iranian Policy Toward the Arabian Gulf During the Reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi 1941 – 1979

Abstract

   This study explores Iranian policy toward the Arabian Gulf during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1941–1979), a transformative era in the modern history of Iran and the region. The Middle East at the time experienced key political shifts that reshaped regional and global dynamics. One of the most significant events was the 1951 nationalization of Iranian oil, which strained Iranian-British relations. This occurred alongside the rise of Arab nationalism in the 1950s. A major turning point came in 1968 when Britain announced its withdrawal from the Arabian Gulf. Simultaneously, the United States expanded its strategic interests in the region. These developments intensified regional and international competition for influence over this vital geopolitical area. As a dominant power in the Middle East, Iran, particularly under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, played a critical role in promoting both its own national interests and those of Western powers. This research aims to present an accurate analysis of Iran’s Gulf policy during this period, highlighting its efforts to secure political and economic gains by assuming a regional leadership role. Additionally, this work seeks to contribute to the limited body of scholarship on Iranian-Gulf relations, particularly within academic institutions in Kurdistan.