وێناکردنی کورد لە گێڕانەوەی گەشتەکانی سەدەی نۆزدەهەمدا

شیکارییەکی شێوازناسی کۆرپەسە

توێژەران

  • ڕەوەند سەباح ئەحمەد بەشی ئینگلیزی، کۆلێژی پەروەردە/شەقڵاوە، زانکۆی سەلاحەدین، هەرێمی کوردستان، عێراق https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6082-2095
  • سەلاح جەمیل جبرائیل بەشی ئینگلیزی، فاکەڵتی ئاداب، زانکۆی سۆران-هەولێر، هەرێمی کوردستان، عێراق https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1883-0138

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https://doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v9n2y2026.pp690-706

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شێوازی کۆرپەس##common.commaListSeparator## وێناکردن##common.commaListSeparator## گێڕانەوەکان##common.commaListSeparator## کورد##common.commaListSeparator## گەشت

پوختە

ئەم توێژینەوەیە لێکۆڵینەوە لە وێناکردنی کورد لە گێڕانەوە گەشتیارییە ئەورووپییەکانی سەدەی نۆزدەهەم دەکات، بە بەکارهێنانی ڕێبازێکی شێوازناسی کۆرپەس. بە پشتبەستن بە چوارچێوەی ڕۆژهەڵاتناسیی ئێدوارد سەعید، ئەم توێژینەوەیە سود لە کۆرپەسێکی هەشت گێڕانەوەیی گەشتیارانی بەریتانیی سەدەی نۆزدەهەمەوە وەردەگرێت، کە کۆی گشتی زیاتر لە ١,١٠٠,٩٣٤ تۆکن لە خۆدەگرێت، بە بەکارهێنانی بەرنامەی ئانتکۆنک ۆ شیکاریکردنی وشە کلیلەکان، هاوهاوڕێککەوتن (collocates)، هێشوە وشەکان (clusters)، و هاوتەریبەکان (concordances). ئەنجامەکان ئاماژە بەوە دەکەن کە کوردەکان بە بەردەوامی لە ڕێگەی زمانێکی هاوشێوە وێناکراون، کە زۆرجار بە کەسانی توندوتیژی و بێ یاسا و خێڵگەرا ناوزەند کراون. هەرووەها بەکارهێنانی شێوەی کۆکراوەی "کوردەکان، کوردەکان بە شێوەیی بەکۆمەڵ وەسفدەکات لەکاتێکدا لایەنی تاکەکەسی گرنگی پێ نادرێت. وشە دووبارەبووەکان وەک "کوردەکان " (Kurds are) هەروەها ئەو وشانەی لەگەڵ وشەی کوردەکان بەکاردێت وەک "چەکدار"، "وێرانکاری" و "دڕندە" ڕەنگدانەوەی تێڕوانینی گەڕیدەکان دەخاتە ڕوو، کە هاوکات لەگەڵ بنەماکانی ڕۆژهەڵاتناسی لە جیاکردنەوەی ئەوانی تر و پێچەوانەکردنی دووانەیی ڕۆژهەڵات و ڕۆژاوا دەگونجێت. هەرچەندە وێناکردنی بێلایەنانە لە هەندێک کاتدا بەدیدەکرێت، بەڵام ئەمانە تا ڕادەیەکی زۆر بە کەمی دەردەکەون. توێژینەوەکە دەریدەخات کە شێوازناسی کۆرپەس بنەمایەکی ئەزموونیی هەیە بۆ دەستنیشانکردنی هەڵوێستی دەقەکان و پێکهاتە ئایدیۆلۆژییەکان، بینشینی گرنگ پێشکەش دەکات سەبارەت بە بەکارهێنانی زمان، وێناکردن، و دەسەڵاتی کۆلۆنیالی.

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زانیاریی کەسیی نوسەر

ڕەوەند سەباح ئەحمەد, بەشی ئینگلیزی، کۆلێژی پەروەردە/شەقڵاوە، زانکۆی سەلاحەدین، هەرێمی کوردستان، عێراق

Dr. Rawand Sabah Ahmad is a lecturer in the Department of English, College of Education, at Salahaddin University–Erbil. He holds a B.A. degree in English Language and Literature, an M.A. degree in English Linguistics, and a Ph.D. degree in English Linguistics, with a specialization in stylistics and translation studies. Dr. Ahmad teaches undergraduate and postgraduate courses in translation, interpreting, essay writing, communication skills, pronunciation, and applied linguistics. His research interests include stylistics, corpus stylistics, translation studies (particularly Kurdish–English translation), machine translation and AI-assisted translation, discourse analysis, presupposition and pragmatics, pedagogical applications of AI in language education, and literary translation. Dr. Ahmad has published and presented papers at national and international conferences and serves as a reviewer for academic journals and conferences in linguistics and applied linguistics.

سەلاح جەمیل جبرائیل, بەشی ئینگلیزی، فاکەڵتی ئاداب، زانکۆی سۆران-هەولێر، هەرێمی کوردستان، عێراق

Dr. Salah Jameel Jabrael is a lecturer in the Department of English, Faculty of Arts, at Soran University. His academic specialization is linguistics, with particular expertise in Discourse Analysis, Sociolinguistics, semantics, pragmatics, and rhetoric, especially stylistics as an interdisciplinary field bridging linguistics and literary studies. He is proficient in several languages, including Kurdish (his mother tongue), Arabic, Persian, and English. Dr. Jabrael has published several peer-reviewed journal articles in his areas of specialization. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in English Language and Literature from Salahaddin University, a Master’s degree in English Language and Linguistics from Sheffield Hallam University (UK), and a PhD in Linguistics, with a focus on semantics, pragmatics, and English rhetoric (stylistics). My research interest is the interdisciplinary study of Linguistics with literary studies.

سەرچاوەکان

Ahmad, R. S., & Fahmi, I. M. (2023). A stylistic analysis of Dylan Thomas’ “A refusal to mourn the death, by fire, of a child in London”. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 10(1), 93–105.

https://doi:10.23918/ijsses.v10i1p93

Abdulla, K. A., & Kerimi, E. (2024). Genealogy of sovereignty in Southern Kurdistan from 1917 to 1947. Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(1), 542–556. https://doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v7n1y2024.pp542-556

Ahmad, R. S., Barzani, S. H. H., Meena, R. S., & Ali, H. F. (2021). Common problems in translation of political texts: The case of English and Kurdish languages. Canadian Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 1(2), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.53103/cjlls.v1i2.14

Al-Saedi, H. A. (2024). Exploring lexical luxury in Scott Fitzgerald’s novels: A corpus-based stylistic analysis. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 14(9), 694–700. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1409.07

Al-Saedi, H. A., & Ali, A. F. (2022). Lexical and rhetorical features in The Time Machine: A corpus-stylistic analysis. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 5(3), 134–141. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.3.19

Anthony, L. (2024). AntConc (Version 4.0.0) [Computer software]. AntLab

Bedggood, D. (2021). A corpus stylistic analysis of development in Hemingway’s literary production. The Hemingway Review, 40(2), 71–93. https://doi.org/10.1353/hem.2021.0005

Behdad, A. (2019). Orientalism and Middle East travel writing. In M. Malek & O. Moore-Gilbert (Eds.), Orientalism and literature (pp. 181–199). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108614672.011

Biber, M. (2017). Corpus stylistic analysis of Thomas Harris’ The Silence of the Lambs. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 20(1), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2017.20.1.25

Bird, C. (2004). A thousand sighs, a thousand revolts: Journeys in Kurdistan (1st ed.). Ballantine Books.

Bird, I. L. (1891). Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan (Vol. I). J. Murray.

Bird, I. L. (1891). Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan (Vol. II). J. Murray.

Burke, E., & Prochaska, D. (Eds.). (2008). Genealogies of Orientalism: History, theory, politics. University of Nebraska Press.

Chamlou, L. (2024). Dans les marges de l’orientalisme britannique : le cas d’Isabella Bird et de Journeys to Persia and Kurdestan (1891). Cahiers victoriens et édouardiens, 99. https://doi.org/10.4000/11na2

Chatty, D. (2022). The Arabian desert in English travel writing since 1950. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003197201

Clifford, J. (1994). Diasporas. Cultural Anthropology, 9(3), 302–338. https://doi.org/10.1525/can.1994.9.3.02a00040

Fischer-Starcke, B. (2009). Keywords and frequent phrases of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice: A corpus-stylistic analysis. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14(4), 492–523. https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.14.4.03fis

Fraser, J. B. (1840). Travels in Koordistan, Mesopotamia, &c.: Including an account of parts of those countries hitherto unvisited by Europeans, with sketches of the character and manners of the Koordish and Arab tribes (Vol. 2). London: Richard Bentley.

Ghaderi, F., & Habibzadeh, S. (2019). Mapping Persia and the Persians in Freya Stark’s The Valley of Assassins and Robert Byron’s The Road to Oxiana. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 14, 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2019.1615073

Heidari, H. (2022). Performing the self through Orientalizing the Kurds in Isabella Bird’s Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan. Journal of Victorian Culture, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcac036

Jamil, A. (2021). Wêney Kurd û Kurdistan lelay Rojhelatnasân le belawkrawakanî Elmanîyadâ le sâday Nûzdehem: Lêkolîneweky Shikârî Rakhneyî [The image of Kurds and Kurdistan in German publications in the nineteenth century: A critical-analytical study]. Journal of Duhok University, 24(1), 113–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.26682/chjuod.2021.24.1.7

Karakulak, F. (2021). The ambivalent representation of the Orient in T. E. Lawrence’s Seven pillars of wisdom: A triumph (1935). Cahiers victoriens et édouardiens, (94). https://doi.org/10.4000/cve.8823

Karim, H., & Mohammad, M. H. (2024). Classical sociologists’ view of the nation and basic paradigms about the origin of the Kurds. Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v7n2y2024.pp1-14

Kennedy, D. (1994). Belated travelers: Orientalism in the age of colonial dissolution. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.32-6395

Kennedy, V. (2016). Edward Said: A critical introduction. Polity Press.

Khair, N. (2021). Book review: McIntyre, D., & Walker, B. (2019) Corpus stylistics: Theory and practice. Edinburgh University Press. Journal of Corpora and Discourse Studies, 4(1), 99–102. https://doi.org/10.18573/jcads.69

Kontou, T. (2018). Representations of the East: Orientalism in Emily Eden’s travel writing. Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, 2, 60–70. https://doi.org/10.7146/lev.v0i2.104691

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Layard, A. H. (1853). Discoveries in the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon; with travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the desert (Vol. II: Volume II). Murray

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Maclean, G. M. (2019). British travellers, the Kurds, and Kurdistan: A brief literary history, c. 1520–1673. Kurdish Studies, 7(2), 113–134. https://doi.org/10.33182/ks.v7i2.461

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2026-09-01

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