The Unit of Ideology in the Poetry of Sheikh Mahmoud Hafeed, the King of Kurdistan

Abstract

This study examines the interplay between literary form and ideological expression in the poetry of Hafeed, a Kurdish poet whose work embodies a distinct philosophy of individual and collective resistance. It argues that Hafeed’s poetry serves not merely as artistic creation but as a structured medium through which personal conviction, national identity, and spiritual faith are articulated and sustained. Through close textual analysis, the research demonstrates how Hafeed’s use of language and poetic form reflects a steadfast intellectual stance—one that embraces lived experience, confronts external oppression, and affirms the power of innate human purity and divine belief. It explores the relationship between ideology, philosophy, and literature, positing that Hafeed’s work represents a coherent intellectual system where literary expression and ideological commitment are inseparable. It analyzes how Hafeed engages with overarching ideological frameworks—"religious, regional, and national"—while preserving his individual agency and critical perspective.  The poet emerges not as a passive recipient of external ideologies, but as an active thinker who filters them through personal experience and moral integrity. Finally, the study highlights Hafeed’s resilience and insistence on self-determination, Spirituality, and principled decision-making as foundational to his vision of social and national stability. His poetry is shown to function as both a personal testimony and a public discourse—one that encourages collective resilience, purposeful leadership, and the pursuit of transcendent goals. In this light, Hafeed’s texts are not only literary artifacts but also symbolic affirmations of national identity, worthy of being regarded as resonant slogans for enduring cultural and ethical resistance.