Peasant; Identify and Participation in Uprising of Abbasid Eastern Caliphate

Abstract

The study of the life and identity of peasants during the Middle Ages, specifically within the Abbasid period (132-224 AH / 749-856 CE), represents an underexplored area of micro-historical research, necessitating further in-depth investigation. This research employs a method of fragmentary evidence to examine the concept of the peasant within political and economic contexts. Additionally, analytical methods are utilized to critically assess the available fragmented evidence, leading to informed conclusions. Of course, these searches are more difficult when the sources refer to categories of farmers that are very rare and propaganda, and more times the source mixed between Lord lands and Peasant; however, more attention was paid to political and military issues, and the upper classes of society were in front of the subjects referred to in the sources. So we need to search in some different sources like; literary, geographical, linguistic, religious, and moral and advice, morality and advice sources. This study treats the peasant as an agent of social dynamics, focusing on their identity and personal life, and their broader societal impact. The research delves extensively into the peasants' role in political and social spheres, deliberately excluding agricultural aspects for future exploration. The first section addresses the etymology and historical usage of the term "peasant." The second section investigates the peasant's identity as an individual and as an active societal participant during the medieval period. Finally, the third section explores the involvement of peasants in uprisings and revolutions.